Single-user access depends on UNIX attributes

Connecting to a database in multi-user mode is independent of the ownership and permission mode of the database file(s). However if there is no server process running and an attempt is made to connect in single-user mode by a user who does not own the database file(s), the attempt to connect will fail unless the read/write permissions are open ("-rw-rw-rw-"). So use the command:

$ chmod 666 [dbname].??

before attempting a connect with -1.